PCBs, LINDANE, BENZOTHIAZOLE, DDT WERE FOUND DAMAGING THE CREEK (Gig) IN 1980

 

This of course was fifteen years after the Elmira Sewage Treatment Plant was finally built. It was also about a decade after direct dumping into the Canagagigue Creek mostly ended. Dioxins were certainly known by Uniroyal Chemical and it's hard to believe that the Ontario Ministry of Environment also did not know about them. PCBs had been banned in Canada, the U.S. and likely Europe around 1972. The Federal government commissioned a study through their Inland Waters Directorate in Burlington, Ontario to examine industrial chemicals in the Canagagiue Creek in 1980. Funny thing though, I don't believe Uniroyal's and the M.O.E.'s favourite two chemicals NDMA and chlorobenzene were mentioned.  The chemicals listed in the title above as well as many others were found in Creek sediments, soils, the benthic community (midges, chironomids etc.) and of course fish .

More than half a century since PCBs were banned and they are still with us. Wow but that really puts the "Persistent"  into POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) doesn't it? What is most discouraging for me is the understanding as to how innocuous they were and for how long. I had always thought that they were most commonly used as electrical insulators in transformers. Nope their biggest use was in heavy duty paints and coatings for maritime use. Initially they were found to increase both durability and elasticity of paint which meant that heavy duty uses whether for ships, tractors, agricultural equipment, dams, buildings in extreme weather locations etc. were all likely to receive these heavy duty paints. The other scary thing is Artificial Intelligence (AI) suggests that eventually they were used by many, many industries as an inexpensive way to improve the long term appearance of many, outdoor manufactured goods. Here in Elmira that would certainly include McKee Harvester (agricultural products) due to both the timing of their manufacture and the outdoor products they made. Also I had been told decades ago that the Woolwich Dam itself based on its timing (1972) likely had some PCB infused paint used on parts of it and in fact that was claimed at one time as the source of PCBs in the downstream  Canagagigue Creek. 

On a different note it is beginning to appear to me that Borg Textiles certainly got out of town in the nick of time (mid 1980s). As I have long suspected chlorobenzene's presence at Varnicolor Chemical it now seems almost certain that they were also used at Borg Textiles. Quoting AI :  "Dyeing synthetic fibres like polyester and acrylic requires chemical swelling agents known as dye carriers to force disperse dyes deep into the synthetic polymer structure."  "Chlorobenzenes were historically the standard industrial chemical used as these carriers." There were other textile industries in town including a Felt manufacturer as well as one on Park Avenue not far from Uniroyal Chemical. Odd isn't it that Jim Bradley's (Ont. M.O.E.) five man team sent to Elmira looking for other sources of NDMA and chlorobenzene never mentioned Borg, Varnicolor Chemical or the others.